Outline of Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. It is the world’s second-largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24% of the world’s population, most commonly known as Muslims. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, unique and has guided humankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative example (called the sunnah, composed of accounts called hadith) of Muhammad (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE).
Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous punished in hell. Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law (sharia), which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment. The cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.
See also: Index of Islamic and Muslim-related articles and Outline of religion § Islam topics
What is Islam?
Angels in Islam
Types of angels
Beings and Forces in Quran and Authentic Hadith
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FAQ about Angels, Satan and Jinn
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Prophets
Prophethood and Messengerhood
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FAQ
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The Day of Judgment Day
Afterlife
Resurrection and Judgment
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Death and Human spirit
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Places
FAQ on death, human spirit, and resurrection
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Predestination, Destiny, Free will, and Divine will
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Islamic-Dua
Islamic Practice
Worship and prayers
Prayers
Pilgrimage
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Fasting
Charity
FAQ about worship
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Sin and Repentance in Islam
Islamic spirituality
Wisdom in Islam
Character
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Law
Jihad
Etiquette and diet
Islam and other religions
Criticism
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A magic carpet, which can be used to transport its passengers quickly or instantaneously to their destination.
Islamic Society
Family life
Women in Islam
Education
Festivals
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Government and politics
Social responsibilities
Islamic Culture
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Islamic History
Muhammad’s revelation (610–632)
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Caliphate and civil strife (632–750)
Classical era (750–1258)
Pre-Modern era
Postmodern times (20th century–present)
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Islamic Philosophy and Theology
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Muslim philosophers
Islamic Theology
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Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad (مُحَمَّد) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings (Hadith) and practices (Sunnah) forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.
Muhammad sallallahu Alaihi wasallam
Who is Muhammad?
Muhammad’s character
His life chronology
Muhammad’s Family life
Miracles
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Prophetic biography
Muhammad and Prophethood
Career
Perspectives
Succession
His possessions
Praise
Views
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Hadith and Sunnah
Hadith
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Sunnah
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Islamic-Dua
Islamic Sacred Texts
The outline of Islamic sacred texts gives readers many informative articles about Islam’s holy books.
The Quran and the Hadith are the two major texts of Islam. These books teach and illustrate Islamic beliefs, values, and practices. They are also important historical documents (especially the Quran), which tell the story of the origins of the Islamic faith.
The Quran is the most sacred text, as it is believed to be the literal word of God (Allah) as revealed to Muhammad. The Hadith is a secondary text that records sayings of Muhammad and his followers. These two texts form the basis for all Islamic theology, practice and Sharia (Islamic law).
Sunnah denotes the practice of Islamic prophet Muhammad that he taught and practically instituted as a teacher of the sharī‘ah and the best exemplar.
Al-sīra al-Nabawiyya (Prophetic biography) is the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and trustable Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
The Holy Quran
The Holy Quran (القرآن, “the recitation”; Qur’an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).The Quran is the most sacred text, as it is believed to be the literal word of God (Allah) as revealed to Muhammad. The Holy Quran is divided into chapters (سورة sūrah, plural سور suwar), which are subdivided into verses (آية āyāh, plural آيات āyāt).
What is Quran?
Historicity of The Quran
Glossary of The Quran
Articles on The Quran
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The Quran and Modern Science
FAQ about The Quran
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Hadith
What is Hadith?
Sunnah
Prophetic biography
Hadith collections
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Imamah
Sufi dervishes whirling (abstract)
Sufism
Main Articles
Aims and objectives
Unity with God
Four Stations in Sufism
Devotional practices of Sufis
Sufi ranks
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Major Sufi orders
List of Sufi orders
Prominent Sufis
Influence on Judaism
 Asādʿullāh: “Lion of Allah” See also
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Key Concepts in The Practice Of Sufism
The Emerald Hills of the Heart or Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism
By M. Fethullah Gulen
- Tawba (Repentance), Inaba (Sincere Penitence), and Awba (Turning to God in Contrition)
- Muhasaba (Self-Criticism or Self-Interrogation)
- Tafakkur (Reflection)
- Firar and I’tisam (Fleeing and Taking Shelter)
- Halwat and ‘Uzlat (Privacy and Seclusion)
- Hal and Maqam (State and Station)
- Qalb (Heart)
- Huzn (Sadness or Sorrow)
- Khawf and Khashya (Fear and Reverence)
- Raja (Hope or Expectation)
- Zuhd (Asceticism)
- Taqwa (Piety)
- Wara’ (Abstinence)
- ‘Ibada, ‘Ubudiya, and ‘Ubuda (Worship, Servanthood, and Deep Devotion)
- Muraqaba (Self-Supervision)
- Ikhlas (Sincerity or Purity of Intention)
- Istiqama (Straightforwardness)
- Tawakkul, Taslim, Tafwiz, and Thiqa (Reliance, Surrender, Commitment, and Confidence)
- Khuluq (Good Nature)
- Tawadu (Humility)
- Futuwwa (Youth and Chivalry)
- Sidq (Truthfulness)
- Haya (Modesty)
- Shukr (Thankfulness)
- Sabr (Patience)
- Rida (Resignation)
- Inbisat (Expansion)
- Qast and ‘Azm (Decision and Resolution)
- Irada, Murid, and Murad (Will, the Willing One, and the Willed One)
- Yaqin (Certainty)
- Dhikr (Recitation of God’s Names)
- Ihsan (Perfect Goodness)
- Basira and Firasa (Insight and Discernment)
- Sakina and Itmi’nan (Serenity and Peacefulness)
- Qurb and Bu’d (Nearness and Remoteness)
- Ma’rifa (Spiritual Knowledge of God)
- Mahabba (Love)
- ‘Ashq (Passion or Intense, Ecstatic Love)
- Shawq and Ishtiyaq (Joyful Zeal and Yearning)
- Jadhb and Injidhab (Attraction and the Feeling of Being Attracted Toward God)
- Dahsha and Hayra (Utmost Astonishment and Amazement)
- Qabd and Bast (Contraction and Openness)
- Faqr and Ghina (Poverty and Richness)
- The Heart and Some of Its Dynamics
- Riyada (Austerity)
- Hurriya (Freedom)
- I’thar (Altruism)
- Adab (Mannerliness)
- ‘Ilm (Knowledge)
- Hikma (Wisdom)
- Firasa (Discernment)
- Wajd and Tawajud (Ecstasy and Willful Rapture)
- Dahsha and Hayman (Amazement and Stupor)
- Barq (Lightning)
- Zawq and ‘Atash (Pleasure and Thirst)
- Qalaq (Passion)
- Ghayra (Endeavor)
- Walaya (Sainthood)
- SIR (Secret)
- Ghurba (Separation)
- Ightirab (Doubled Separation)
- Istighraq (Immersion)
- Ghayba (Absence)
- Waqt (Time)
- Safa’ (Purity)
- Surur (Rejoicing)
- Talwin and Tamkin (Coloring and Self-Possession)
- Mukashafa (Disclosure)
- Mushahada (Observation)
- Tajalli (Manifestation)
- Hayah (Life)
- Sakr and Sahw (Intoxication and Sobriety)
- Fasl and Wasl (Parting and Reunion)
- Ma’rifa (Knowledge of God)
- Fana Fi’llah (Annihilation in God)
- Baqa Bi’llah (Subsistence with God)
- Tahqiq (Verification)
- Talbis (Self-Concealment)
- Wujud (Finding and Existence)
- Tajrid (Isolation)
- Tafrid (Individuality)
- Jam’ (Absorption)
- Farq (Distinguishing)
- Tawhid (Unity)
- Yaqada (Wakefulness)
- Mujahada (Striving)
- Chila (Suffering)
- Sohba and Musahaba (Conversation and Communion)
- Sayr u Suluk (Journeying and Initiation)
- Dervish
- Salik (Initiate)
- Another Way of Journeying and Initiation
- The Distance Between Two Bows or Nearer
- The Universal Man
- Irshad and Murshid (Guidance and the Guide)
- Safar (Journeying)
- Wasil (One Who Has Reached)
- Samt (Silence)
- Halwat and Jalwat (Privacy and Company)
- ‘Ilm Ladun (The Special Knowledge from God’s Presence)
- Waliyy and Awliyaullah (God’s Friend [Saint] and God’s Friends [Saints])
- Abrar (The Godly, Virtuous Ones)
- Muqarrabun (Those Favored with God’s Special Nearness)
- Abdal (The Substitutes)
- Nujaba (The Nobles)
- Nukaba (The Custodians)
- Awtad (The Pillars)
- Ghawth (The Helper or the Means of Divine Help)
- Qutb (The Pole)
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- Fayd and Tajalli (Effusion and Manifestation)
- Tajalli (Manifestation)
- The Manifestation of the Divine Being or the Divine Essence
- The Manifestation of Divine Essential Qualities
- The Manifestation of Divine Attributes
- The Manifestation of Divine Names
- The Manifestation of Divine Works
- The Manifestation of Divine Acts
- The Manifestation of Divine Grace
- The Manifestation of Divine Majesty
- Wahy and Ilham (Revelation and Inspiration)
- Al-A‘yanu’th-Thabita and Al-‘Alamu’l-Mithal (Archetypes and the World of Representations or Ideal Forms)
- Heavenly or Elevated Realms
- ‘Âlam Lahut (The Realm of the Transcendental Manifestation of Divinity)
- ‘Âlam Rahamut (The Realm of the Transcendental Manifestation of Divine Mercy and Compassion)
- ‘Âlam Jabarut (The Realm of the Transcendental Manifestation of Divine Attributes and Names)
- ‘Âlam Malakut (The Realm of the Transcendental Manifestation of Divine Commands)
- Ahadiya and Wahidiya (Uniqueness or Absolute Oneness and Unity)
- Al-Awwal (The First), Al-Ahir (The Last) Az-Zahir (The All-Outward), Al-Batin (The All-Inward)
- Wahda and Kasra (Unity and Multiplicity)
- The Spirit and What Follows
- Ionia
- Socrates (470-399 BCE)
- Plato (428/427–348/347 BCE)
- Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
- Philo (20 BCE–50 CE)
- Toward the Present Time
- Henri Bergson (1859–1941)
- Pantheism and/or Monism
- Spiritualism
- Approaches from the Muslim World
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037 CE)
- Imam al-Ghazzali (1058–1111 CE)
- Fakhru’d-Din ar-Razi (1149–1209 CE)
- The Considerations of the Scholars of Sufism about the Spirit
- Bediüzzaman Said Nursi’s views on the Spirit
- The Sufis And The Spirit
- Wijdan (Conscience)
- The Spiritual Intellect
- Willpower According to the Basic Principles of the Islamic Creed
- The Mind
- The Power of Perceptiveness or the Mechanism of Feeling
- ‘Aql (Reason)
- Nafs (The Soul)
- Karama (Wonder)
- Nazar and Tawajjuh (Attention and Regard)
- Subuhat-i Wajh (The Flood of God’s Facial Light)
- Waridat and Mawhiba (Gifts and Favor)
- Khulla (Sincere Friendship)
- Talib, Murid, Salik, Wasil (the Seeker, the One Who Wills, the Initiate, the One Who Has Reached)
- The Seeker
- The One Who Wills Or The Willing One
- The Initiate From a Different Perspective
- Wasil (the One Who Has Reached)
- Khushu And Hurma (Reverent Awe And Respect)
- The Horizon of “the Secret” and What Lies Beyond
- Haqq (the Truth), Haqiqa (the Genuine) and What Lies Beyond
- God and the Truth of Divinity
- Metaphysical Realms
- The ‘Arsh (The Supreme Throne of God)
- The Kursiyy (The Supreme Seat of God)
- Sidratu’l-Muntaha (The Lote-Tree of the Furthest Limit)
- Al-Baytu’l-Ma‘mur (The Prosperous House)
- Lawhun Mahfuz (the Supreme Preserved Tablet) and What Lies Before
- Ta‘ayyunat (Identifications) and What Lies Before
- God’s Attributes of Glory
- The Divine Attributes from the Perspective of the Essentials or Basic Foundations of the Religion
- The Attributes in the Negative or the Attributes of Exemption or Freedom
- The Essential Attributes
- Wujud ([The All-Holy, Self-]Existence)
- Wahdaniyya ( Oneness)
- Qidam (Having No Beginning)
- Baqa’ (Eternal Permanence)
- Muhalafatun lil-hawadith (Being Unlike the Created)
- Qiyam bi-nafsihi (Self-Subsistence)
- The Positive or Affirmative Attributes
- Hayah (Life)
- ‘Ilm (Knowledge)
- Sam‘a (Hearing)
- Basar (Sight)
- Irada (Will)
- Qudra (Power)
- Kalam (Speech)
- Takwin (Making Exist)
- The Attributes of Action
- Khalq (Creation)
- Ibda’ (Originating Uniquely)
- Insha’ (Producing)
- Ihya’ and Imata (Giving Life and Reviving, and Causing to Die)
- Tarziq (Providing)
- God’s Figurative Attributes
- The All-Beautiful Names of God
- The Names Indicating the Divine Essence
- The Names Originating in Divine Attributes of
- The Names Indicating Divine Acts
- The Foundational Names
- The Names of Majesty
- The Names of Grace
- Putting an End to a Long Journey
- A Partial Glossary of Sufi Terms
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