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Dhyana in Hinduism Dhyana in Hinduism means contemplation and meditation.[1] Dhyana is taken up in Yoga exercises, and is a means to samadhi and self-knowledge.[2] The various concepts of dhyana and its practice originated in the Vedic era of Hinduism, and the practice has been influential within the diverse traditions of Hinduism.[3][4] It is, in Hinduism, a part of a self-directed...
What Is Mantra? A mantra ( मन्त्र)[2] is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit believed by practitioners to have psychological and spiritual powers.[3][4] Mantra meditation helps to induce an altered state of consciousness.[5] A mantra may or may not have a syntactic structure or literal...
What is Zen? Zen (禪; Chán, 선) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as Chan Buddhism. It was strongly influenced by Taoism and developed as a distinct school of Chinese Buddhism. From China, Chan Buddhism spread south to Vietnam which became Vietnamese Thiền, northeast to Korea and east to Japan, where it became known as Seon Buddhism and Japanese Zen, respectively.[1] The...
What Is Buddhist Meditation? Buddhist meditation is the practice of meditation in Buddhism. The closest words for meditation in the classical languages of Buddhism are bhāvanā (“mental development”) and jhāna/dhyāna (mental training resulting in a calm and luminous mind). Buddhists pursue meditation as part of the path toward liberation, awakening and Nirvana, and includes...
Meditation And Pain Meditation and pain is the study of the physiological mechanisms underlying meditation-specifically its neural components- that implicate it in the reduction of pain perception.[1] Meditation is a behavioral method that has been used for several thousand years to monitor and regulate emotion and attention.[2] Broadly speaking, meditation...
Research On Meditation For the purpose of this article, research on meditation concerns research into the psychological and physiological effects of meditation using the scientific method. In recent years, these studies have increasingly involved the use of modern scientific techniques and instruments, such as fMRI and EEG which are able to directly...
List of Major Textual Variants In The New Testament This is an (incomplete) list of major textual variants in the New Testament, with a focus on differences between categories of New Testament manuscript. The Textus Receptus (Latin: “received text”) is the name subsequently given to the succession of printed Greek texts of the New Testament which was...
List of New Testament Verses Not Included In Modern English Translations The New Testament verses not included in modern English translations are verses of the New Testament that existed in older versions of the Bible (primarily the King James Version), but did not appear or were relegated to footnotes in...
What Does the Bible Say about God? It is very hard to understand about God as a Protector, “a God that needs to Rest”, or a “God that does not need Rest”. Which one is the real God? {Exodus. 31:17} “For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth...
Historical Criticism of Ancient Texts Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand “the world behind the text”.[1] While often discussed in terms of Jewish and Christian writings from ancient times, historical criticism has also...
What Is Gospel Harmony? A gospel harmony is an attempt to compile the canonical gospels of the Christian New Testament into a single account.[1] This may take the form either of a single, merged narrative, or a tabular format with one column for each gospel, technically known as a synopsis, although the word harmony is often used for both.[1] Harmonies...
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture is a dissertation by the English mathematician and scholar Isaac Newton. This was sent in a letter to John Locke on 14 November 1690 and built upon the textual work of Richard...
The Holy Quran’s Invitation To Christians “Say: “People of the Book! Come now to a word common between us and you, that we serve none but Allah, and that we associate not aught with Him, and do not some of us take others as lords, say, “bear witness that we...
The History of the Gospel of Barnabas The Gospel of Barnabas is the only known surviving Gospel written by a disciple of Jesus, that is by a man who spent most of his time in the actual company of Jesus during the three years in which he was delivering his...
The Gospel of Barnabas The History of the Gospel of Barnabas Opening- True Gospel of Jesus, called Christ, a new prophet sent by God to the world: according to the description of Barnabas his apostle. Barnabas, apostle of Jesus the Nazarene, called Christ, to all them that dwell upon the...
The Gospel of Thomas The Gospel of Thomas, a collection of Jesus’ sayings discovered in Egypt in 1945. Translated by Thomas O. Lambdin These are the secret sayings which the living Jesus spoke and which Didymos Judas Thomas wrote down. (1) And he said, “Whoever finds the interpretation of these...
Summary of The Books of The Bible THE OLD TESTAMENT There are 39 books in the Old Testament, generally separated into 4 divisions: The Pentateuch, traditionally designated as the 5 books of Moses. Historical Books, number 12, from Joshua to Esther. Poetical Books, number 4, from Job to Song of...
What Is Radical Criticism? Radical criticism is a movement around the late 19th century that, typically, denied authentic authorship of the Pauline epistles. This went beyond the higher criticism of the Tübingen school which (with the exception of Bruno Bauer) held that a core of at least four epistles had been written by Paul of Tarsus in the...
What Is Redaction Criticism? Redaction criticism, also called Redaktionsgeschichte, Kompositionsgeschichte or Redaktionstheologie, is a critical method for the study of biblical texts. Redaction criticism regards the author of the text as editor (redactor) of the source materials. Unlike its parent discipline, form criticism, redaction criticism does not look at the various parts of...
Preface To Authorized King James Version (K.J.V.) of 1611 The Translators to the Reader (KJV) translators, reader, KJV, translators to the reader, Authorized King James Version, AKJV, King James Bible, King James Version THE BEST THINGS HAVE BEEN CULMINATED Zeal to promote the common good, whether it be by devising...
Jesus and The Woman Taken in Adultery Jesus and the woman taken in adultery (often called Pericope Adulterae, for short) is a passage (pericope) found in the Gospel of John 7:53–8:11, that has been the subject of much scholarly discussion. In the passage, Jesus has sat down in the temple to teach some...
Woman’s Status In Bible & Quran We’re trying to compare the woman’s status as seen in Christianity and Islam. The sources are mainly the Bible, Quran, and the teachings of Prophet Mohammed. The First Woman / Eve Christianity (Bible) Islam (Quran) “When the woman (Eve) saw that the...
Who Was Paul the Apostle? Michael Hart, who wrote a book on the hundred most influential people in world history, identified Paul as the second most influential person in history (behind Muhammad). He placed him ahead of Jesus, because the beliefs of Trinitarian Christianity owe far more to Paul’s teachings...
What Is Q Source? The Q source (also called Q document, Q Gospel, or Q from German: Quelle, meaning “source”) is a hypothetical written collection of primarily Jesus’ sayings (logia). Q is part of the common material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke but not in the Gospel of Mark. According to this hypothesis, this material was drawn from the...
Who Decides What To Include Into Bibles? Old Testament books that are included in the Bibles used by Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians, but not in the Bibles used by most Protestant Christians and Jews. All Christians and Jews include the 39 books commonly known as the Old Testament in...
Who Are The Real Authors Of Gospels? Has the Gospel borrowed historical accounts describing Jesus from previous Eastern scriptures which existed centuries before the Bible? Krishna was depicted as if crucified. The Persian remembered only the atoning sufferings on the cross of Mithras the Mediator. Aztecs prayed for the return...
