The Samarkand Kufic Quran, dated to the early 9th century. It is an alleged 7th century original of the edition of the third caliph Uthman. This Quran is located in the small Telyashayakh mosque in Tashkent.

Criticism Of The Quran

Criticism Of The Quran Criticism of the Quran is an interdisciplinary field of study concerning the factual accuracy of the claims and the moral tenability of the commands made in the Quran, the holy book of Islam. The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been sent...

Payrus of Irenaeus' Against Heresies, which describes early Gnostic beliefs about Jesus' death which influenced Islam.

Sources for The Quran

Sources For The Quran Scholars have been able to point out several pre-existing sources for the Quran. Some scholars have calculated that one third of the Quran has pre-Islamic Christian origins. The most famous pre-Islamic source for the Quran is the Bible, which predates the Quran by several centuries. Quran contains references to...

The Quran

The Qur’an

The Qur’an In accordance with humanity’s worth and value, and considering the human heart, spirit, mind, and physical being, the Qur’an descended from the Highest of the High. Containing the most perfect messages, it is a collection of Divine Laws. Followed today by more than one billion people, the Qur’an...

A 12th-century Quran manuscript at Reza Abbasi Museum.

Is The Holy Book Word Of God?

Is The Holy Book (The Quran) Word Of God? This article covers the answer to the question: “Is The Holy Book Word Of God?“ The Holy Book is completely different from all the other books in the world 1. When we study the Holy Book even superficially from the viewpoint...

A Quran Student

Islam’s The Holy Qur’an

Islam’s The Holy Qur’an This article covers the answer to the question: “What is Islam’s The Holy Qur’an?” If We had sent down this Qur’an on a mountain, surely you would have seen it humbled, rent asunder by fear of God. Such comparisons do We coin for people that perhaps...

The Quran, in traditional Arabic text.

Historical Reliability Of The Quran

What Is Historical Reliability Of The Quran? The historical reliability of the Quran concerns the question of the historicity of the described or claimed events in the Quran. Muslims have generally disapproved of the historical criticism of the Quran. In the Muslim world, scholarly criticism of the Quran can be considered apostasy and can be punished by...

Qur’an section from the early 9th century, in Kufic script, with an early form of vowelization using red dots only for endings and difficult words.

Surah

What Is Surah? A Surah (سورة‎ sūrah, سور suwar) is the term for a chapter of the Quran. There are 114 surahs in the Quran, 86 are classified as Makki, while 28 are Madini. each divided into verses (āyāt). The chapters or surahs are of unequal length; the shortest chapter (Al-Kawthar) has only...

These two lines of calligraphy in elegant muhaqqaq script are from chapter 40 (Sura al-Mu'min, The Believer) of the Qur'an. The fragment on which they are written was once part of a Qur'an manuscript that is probably the largest ever produced. Originally, each page included seven lines of script copied on one side only. A double-page would fit perfectly into the gigantic stone Qur'an stand made for the congregational mosque of Bibi Khanum in Samarqand and commissioned by a grandson of Timur (Tamerlane, d. 1405). Its calligrapher was likely the renowned 'Umar Aqta'. Historical sources tell us that 'Umar tried to impress Timur by writing a Qur’an so small that it could fit under a signet ring. When the sultan was unmoved, 'Umar wrote a Qur'an so large that it had to be brought to Timur on a cart.

Ayah

What Is Ayah? In the Islamic Quran, an Ayah (آية‎; آيات āyāt) is a “verse,” one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (surah) of the Quran and are marked by a number. The word means “evidence,” “sign” or “miracle,” and in Islam may refer to things other than...

Page from a Koran, Near East, Abbasid period, late ninth-early tenth century

I’jaz

What Is I’jaz? In Islam, I’jaz, or inimitability of the Qur’an is the doctrine which holds that the Qur’an has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can match. According to this doctrine, the Qur’an is a miracle and its inimitability is the proof granted to Muhammad in the...

Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript

Early Quranic Manuscripts

Early Quranic Manuscripts In this article, you will find information about the early Quranic manuscripts. In Muslim tradition, the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam’s divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). Muhammad’s revelations were said to have been recorded orally, through Muhammad and his followers up until...

Rainbow Quran With English Translation

English Translations Of The Quran

English Translations Of The Quran This article covers information about English Translations of the Quran. The Quran has been translated into English many times. The first few translations were made in the 17th and 19th centuries, but the majority were produced in the 20th. The following English Translations of The Quran...

Comparison of a 21st-century Quran (left) and the Birmingham Quran manuscript

Birmingham Quran Manuscript

Birmingham Quran Manuscript The Birmingham Quran manuscript is a parchment on which two leaves of an early Quranic manuscript are written. In 2015 the manuscript, which is held by the University of Birmingham, was radiocarbon dated to between 568 and 645 CE (in the Islamic calendar, between 56 BH and 25 AH). It is part...

Recto side of the Stanford '07 folio. The upper text covers Quran 2 (al-Baqarah).265-271.

Sanaa Manuscript

What Is Sanaa Manuscript? The Sanaa Manuscript or Sanaa palimpsest (also Ṣanʿā’ 1 or DAM 01-27.1) is one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts in existence. Part of a sizable cache of Quranic and non-Quranic fragments discovered in Yemen during a 1972 restoration of the Great Mosque of Sana’a, the manuscript was identified as a palimpsest Quran in 1981; as...

Quran The Holy Quran Holy Holy Book Word Of God

Chronological Order Of The Quran

Chronological Order Of The Quran The Qur’an is not in chronological order but arranged roughly the longest surah (chapter) to the shortest. The following lists the chronological (or revelational) order of the Qur’an. Chronological Order Surah Name Number of Verses Location of Revelation Traditional Order 1 Al-Alaq 19 Mecca 96 2 Al-Qalam 52...

Quran Yasin Cemetery Read

The Holy Quran’s Invitation To Christians

The Holy Quran’s Invitation To Christians This article covers the answer to the question: “What is the Holy Quran‘s Invitation to Christians?“ “Say: “People of the Book! Come now to a word common between us and you, that we serve none but Allah, and that we associate not aught with...

The Bible and The Quran

Biblical And Quranic Narratives

Biblical And Quranic Narratives This article covers Biblical And Quranic Narratives. The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, contains references to more than fifty people and events also found in the Bible. While the stories told in each book are generally comparable, important differences sometimes emerge. The versions written in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament predate...

Samarkand Shah-i Zinda Tuman Aqa complex

Prophets In The Quran

Prophets In The Quran All messengers mentioned in the Quran are also prophets, but not all prophets are messengers. The following are named as Prophets in the Quran.  In Islam, every prophet preached the same core beliefs, the Oneness of God, worshipping of that one God, avoidance of idolatry and sin, and the belief...

Calligraphy Prayer Wishes Religion Allah Muslim

Best Prayers From The Glorious Quran

Best Prayers From The Glorious Quran We have collected some of the best prayers from the Glorious Quran to use in request to God. May these prayers for safety bring you comfort and peace of mind. May these prayers for strength encourage your spirit and strengthen your faith. Dua from...

An 11th-century North African Quran at the British Museum

History Of The Quran

History Of The Quran The history of the Quran refers to the oral revelation of the Quran to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and its subsequent written compilation into a manuscript. It spans several decades and forms an important part of early Islamic history. According to the Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Qur’an began...

The cave Hira in the mountain Jabal al-Nour where, according to Muslim belief, Muhammad received his first revelation

Muhammad’s First Revelation

Muhammad’s First Revelation Muhammad’s first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the archangel Jibrīl, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran. The event took place in a cave...