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Muhammad (مُحَمَّد) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings (Hadith) and practices (Sunnah) forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.
The name Muhammad means “praiseworthy” and appears four times in the Quran. The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant of God (‘abd), announcer (bashir), witness (shahid), bearer of good tidings (mubashshir), warner (nathir), reminder (mudhakkir), one who calls [unto God] (dā’ī), light personified (noor), and the light-giving lamp (siraj munir).
Hadith Collections
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Military Career of Muhammad The military career of Muhammad (2 June 570 – 8 June 632), the founder of Islam, encompasses several expeditions and battles throughout the Hejaz region in the western Arabian Peninsula which took place in the final ten years of his life, from 622 to 632. His primary campaign was...
Muhammad’s Views on Jews The Islamic prophet Muhammad‘s views on Jews were formed through the contact he had with Jewish tribes living in and around Medina. His views on Jews include his theological teaching of them as People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab), his description of them as earlier receivers of Abrahamic revelation; and the failed political alliances...
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (مسند أحمد بن حنبل) is a collection of hadith compiled by the Islamic scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH/855 AD) to whom the Hanbali fiqh (legislation) is attributed. Description It is one of the largest hadith book written in Islamic History containing more than twenty seven thousand (27000) hadiths...
Sunnah In Islam, Sunnah (سنة, sunnah, plural سنن, sunan), also sunna or sunnat are the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. The sunnah is what all the Muslims of Muhammad’s time, evidently saw and followed and passed on to the next generations. According to classical Islamic theories,...
The Book of Al-Fitan The Book of Al-Fitan or Kitab al-Fitan (کتاب الفتن) or Kitab al Fitan wal Malahem meaning “The Book of Tribulations and War” is a collection of Hadith dealing with end times authored by Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī. The Book mentions various apocalyptic prophecies of the prophet...
Diplomatic Career of Muhammad The diplomatic career of Muhammad (c. 570 – 8 June 632), the final prophet of Islam, encompasses his leadership over the growing Muslim community (Ummah) in early Arabia and his correspondences with the rulers of other nations in and around Arabia. This period was marked by the change from the customs of the...
Prophetic Medicine In Islam, Prophetic medicine (الطب النبوي, ‘Al-Tibb al-nabawī) is the advice given by the prophet Muhammad with regards to sickness, treatment and hygiene as found in the hadith, and the writings undertaken primarily by non-physician scholars to collect and explicate these traditions. It is distinct from Islamic medicine, which is a broader category encompassing a variety...
Violence is Not in The Tradition of The Prophet Muslims pray each day: “O Lord! Keep us on the straight path.” It is a prayer to help us move away from the extremes and maintain balance in our lives. We must neither be hostage to our reactionary instincts, nor must...
Allah’s Messenger, Muhammad’s Achievements Speaking about the Time of Happiness and Allah’s Messenger, Muhammad (pbuh) We must be very sensitive about introducing Allah’s Messenger, Muhammad (pbuh). The fact that some people dislike Allah’s Messenger, Muhammad (pbuh) nowadays can be attributed to the fact that they were not informed about him...
Miracles of Muhammad In Islamic religious teachings, the Islamic prophet Muhammad is believed to have performed miracles during his lifetime, or supernatural acts. These teachings stem from the text of the Quran (the central religious text of Islam), hadith (records of the words, actions, and silent approval, traditionally attributed to Muhammad), and biographies of him. Almost all the miracles...
Companions of the Prophet Companions of the Prophet, Sahabah or aṣ-ṣaḥābah (اَلصَّحَابَةُ meaning “the companions”, from the verb صَحِبَ meaning “accompany”, “keep company with”, “associate with”) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who “saw or met the prophet during his lifetime and were physically in his presence”. “Al-ṣaḥābah” is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine صَحَابِيٌّ...
Farewell Sermon The Farewell Sermon (خطبة الوداع, Khuṭbatu l-Wadāʿ), also known as Muhammad’s Final Sermon or the Last Sermon, is a religious speech, believed by Muslims to have been delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on Friday the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH (6 March 632) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, during the Islamic pilgrimage of Hajj. Muhammad al-Bukhari refers to the sermon...
The Prophet Muhammad’s Covenants of Protection to Christians The covenant of the Prophet Muhammad In 626 Prophet Muhammad personally granted a charter to the monks of St. Catherine’s Monastery to protect the rights of Christians and other non-Muslims “far and near” who were living in predominantly-Muslim areas. It may come as...
Muhammad Muhammad (مُحَمَّد, c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of...
Prophet Muhammad’s Marriages Some critics of Islam, either because they are unaware of the facts or are biased, revile the Prophet as a self-indulgent libertine. They accuse him of character failings that are hardly compatible with a person of average virtue, let alone with the Prophet, God’s last Messenger, and...
Did Prophet Muhammad Write The Holy Qur’an? As this question has generated a great deal of literature, I shall confine my answer to the most pertinent points. This allegation is made by Orientalists, just as it was by their predecessors: Christian and Jewish writers who deeply resented the spread of...
What Does The Qur’an Say About Jihad And How Did The Prophet Implement It? In light of recent events, the media is constantly talking about jihad. However, sometimes they do not define this term. Can you please tell us what the Qur’an says about jihad, and how the Prophet and...
What is Sunnah Prayer? Sunnah prayer (صلاة السنة) is an optional or supererogatory salah that can be performed by Muslims at almost any time of the day. These prayers are performed in addition to the five daily prayers, which are compulsory for all Muslims. There are a range of prayers available:...
What Is Criticism of Hadith? The criticism of Hadith refers to the critique directed towards collections of ahadith, i.e. the collections of reports of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad on any matter. The criticism revolves primarily around the authenticity of hadith reports and whether they are attributable to Muhammad, as well as...
Prophet Muhammad As A Husband And Father The Prophet And His Wives Prophet Muhammad personifies the roles of perfect father and husband. He was so kind and tolerant with his wives that they could not envisage their lives without him, nor did they want to live away from him. He...
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