Imamate in Shia doctrine In Shia Islam, the Imamate (Imamah, إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine...
Military Career of Muhammad The military career of Muhammad (2 June 570 – 8 June 632), the founder of Islam, encompasses several expeditions and battles throughout the Hejaz region in the western Arabian Peninsula which took place in the final ten years of his life, from 622 to 632. His primary campaign was...
Muhammad’s Views on Jews The Islamic prophet Muhammad‘s views on Jews were formed through the contact he had with Jewish tribes living in and around Medina. His views on Jews include his theological teaching of them as People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab), his description of them as earlier receivers of Abrahamic revelation; and the failed political alliances...
Fi Dhilal Al Qur’an Fi Zilal al-Qur’an (في ظِلالِ القرآن, fī ẓilāl al-qur’ān, lit. ‘In the Shade of the Qur’an‘) is a highly influential commentary of the Qur’an, written during 1951-1965 by the Egyptian Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966), a leader within the Muslim Brotherhood. He wrote (or re-wrote) most of the original 30 volumes (114 Surahs) while in prison...
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (مسند أحمد بن حنبل) is a collection of hadith compiled by the Islamic scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH/855 AD) to whom the Hanbali fiqh (legislation) is attributed. Description It is one of the largest hadith book written in Islamic History containing more than twenty seven thousand (27000) hadiths...
Ibadi Islam Ibadi Islam or The Ibadi movement (Ibadism or Ibāḍiyya, also known as the Ibadis (الإباضية, al-Ibāḍiyyah)), is a school of Islam dominant in Oman. It also exists in parts of Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and East Africa. Modern historians trace the origins of the denomination to a moderate current of the Khawarij movement; contemporary Ibāḍīs strongly object to being classified as Kharijites, although they recognize...
Asbab al-nuzul Asbab al-nuzul or occasions or circumstances of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl, أسباب النزول) names the historical context in which Quranic verses were revealed from the perspective of traditional Islam. Though of some use in reconstructing the Qur’an’s historicity, asbāb is by nature an exegetical rather than a historiographical genre, and as such usually associates the verses it explicates with general situations...
List of Hadith Collections The following is a list of Hadith collections, which are sources that contain the sayings, acts or tacit approvals, validly or invalidly, ascribed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and collected by Muhaddiths. Hadith have been called “the backbone” of Islamic civilization, and within that religion the authority of hadith as...
List of Chapters in The Quran The Quran is divided into Surahs (chapters) and further divided into Ayahs (verses). The real translation of the word Ayat is actually “Sign [of Allah]”. For a preliminary discussion about the chronological order of chapters see page Surah. Each surah, except for the ninth is preceded by the phrase bismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm (“In...
The Book of Al-Fitan The Book of Al-Fitan or Kitab al-Fitan (کتاب الفتن) or Kitab al Fitan wal Malahem meaning “The Book of Tribulations and War” is a collection of Hadith dealing with end times authored by Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī. The Book mentions various apocalyptic prophecies of the prophet...
Diplomatic Career of Muhammad The diplomatic career of Muhammad (c. 570 – 8 June 632), the final prophet of Islam, encompasses his leadership over the growing Muslim community (Ummah) in early Arabia and his correspondences with the rulers of other nations in and around Arabia. This period was marked by the change from the customs of the...
Prophetic Medicine In Islam, Prophetic medicine (الطب النبوي, ‘Al-Tibb al-nabawī) is the advice given by the prophet Muhammad with regards to sickness, treatment and hygiene as found in the hadith, and the writings undertaken primarily by non-physician scholars to collect and explicate these traditions. It is distinct from Islamic medicine, which is a broader category encompassing a variety...
Challenge of The Quran The challenge of the Quran or Tahaddi (التحدي في القرآن, al-tahaddi fi al-Quran), in Islamic theology, refers to a challenge proposed in the Quran. It requests non-Muslims among both humans and jinn to produce either a chapter or multiple chapters like those within the holy book, with the aim of proving the...
Sahih al-Bukhari Sahih al-Bukhari or Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī (صحيح البخاري) is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections) of Sunni Islam. Whereas, out of all these six major books, the collection of prophetic traditions, or hadith for Sahih al-Bukhari, was performed by the Muslim scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari. It was completed around 846 CE / 232 AH. Sunni...
Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim (صحيح مسلم , Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim; full title: Al-Musnadu Al-Sahihu bi Naklil Adli) is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections) in Sunni Islam. It is highly acclaimed by Sunni Muslims as well as Zaidi Shia Muslims. It is considered the second most authentic hadith collection after Sahih al-Bukhari. It was collected by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, also known...
Sunan ibn Majah Sunan ibn Majah or Sunan Ibn Mājah (سُنن ابن ماجه) is one of the six major Sunni hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah). The Sunan was authored by Ibn Mājah (b. 209/824, d. 273/887). Description It contains over 4,000 aḥādīth in 32 books (kutub) divided into 1,500 chapters (abwāb). About 20 of the traditions it contains were later declared to be...
Sunan Abu Dawood Sunan Abu Dawood (سنن أبي داود, Sunan Abī Dāwūd) is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections), collected by Abu Dawood. Introduction Abu Dawood compiled twenty-one books related to Hadith and preferred those ahadith which were supported by the example of the companions of Muhammad. As...
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Jami’ at-Tirmidhi (جامع الترمذي), also known as Sunan at-Tirmidhi, is one of “the six books” (Kutub al-Sittah – the six major hadith collections). It was collected by Al-Tirmidhi. He began compiling it after the year 250 A.H. (A.D. 864/5) and completed it on the 10 Dhu-al-Hijjah 270 A.H. (A.D. 884, June 9). Title...
Sunan an-Nasa’i Al-Sunan al-Sughra (السنن الصغرى), also known as Sunan an-Nasa’i (سنن النسائي), is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadiths), and was collected by Al-Nasa’i (214 – 303 AH; c. 829 – 915 CE). Description Sunnis regard this collection as the fifth most important of their six major Hadith...
Muwatta Imam Malik The Muwaṭṭaʾ (الموطأ, “well-trodden path”) or Muwatta Imam Malik (موطأ الإمام مالك) of Imam Malik (711-795) written in the 8th-century, is the earliest collection of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas. Malik’s best-known work, Al-Muwatta was the first legal work to incorporate and combine hadith and fiqh (except...
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