The Gospel of Thomas

Gospel Of Thomas

Gospel Of Thomas The Gospel of Thomas (the Coptic Gospel of Thomas) is an extra-canonical sayings gospel. It was discovered near Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in December 1945 among a group of books known as the Nag Hammadi library. Scholars speculate that the works were buried in response to a letter from Bishop Athanasius declaring a...

Gospel of Barnabas

Gospel Of Barnabas

Gospel Of Barnabas The Gospel of Barnabas is a book depicting the life of Jesus, which claims to be by the biblical Barnabas who in this work is one of the twelve apostles. Two manuscripts are known to have existed, both dated to the late 16th or early 17th centuries, with one written in Italian and...

Holy Books of Mormonism

The Book Of Mormon 1

The Book Of Mormon 1 The Book of Mormon is a religious text of the Latter Day Saint movement, which, according to Latter Day Saint theology, contains writings of ancient prophets who lived on the American continent from 600 BC to AD 421 and during an interlude dated by the text to the unspecified time of the Tower of...

The Scapegoat (1854 painting by William Holman Hunt)

Book Of Leviticus

Book Of Leviticus The Book of Leviticus (Leuïtikón, וַיִּקְרָא, Vayyīqrāʾ, “And He called”) is the third book of the Torah (the Pentateuch) and of the Old Testament, also known as the Third Book of Moses. Scholars generally agree that it developed over a long period of time, reaching its present form during the Persian Period between 538–332 BC....

Book of Numbers

Book Of Numbers

Book Of Numbers The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi; Hebrew: בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar, “In the desert [of]”), also known as the Fourth Book of Moses, is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible, and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah. The book has a long and complex history; its final form is possibly due to a Priestly redaction...

Children of Israel in Egypt (1867 painting by Edward Poynter)

Book Of Exodus

Book Of Exodus The Book of Exodus is the second book of the Bible. It narrates the story of the Exodus, in which the Israelites leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, who has chosen them as his people. The Israelites then journey with the prophet Moses to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh promises them the land of Canaan (the “Promised...

The Book of Deuteronomy, Debarim. Hebrew with translation into Judeo-Arabic, transcribed in Hebrew letters. From Livorno, 1894 CE. Moroccan Jewish Museum, Casablanca.

Book Of Deuteronomy

Book Of Deuteronomy The Book of Deuteronomy (“second law”) is the fifth book of the Torah, where it is called Devarim (דְּבָרִים), “the words [of Moses]”, and the fifth book of the Christian Old Testament, where it is also known as the Fifth Book of Moses. Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or...

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Catholic Epistles

Catholic Epistles The catholic epistles (general epistles) are seven epistles of the New Testament. Listed in order of their appearance in the New Testament. Catholic Epistle, the name given to the Epistle of St. James, to that of St. Jude, to two Epistles of St. Peter and the first three of St. John,...

Byzantine illuminated manuscript, 1020

Textual Criticism Of The New Testament

Textual Criticism Of The New Testament Textual criticism of the New Testament is the identification of textual variants, or different versions of the New Testament, whose goals include identification of transcription errors, analysis of versions, and attempts to reconstruct the original text. Its main focus is studying the textual variants in the New Testament. The...

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Biblical Authority

Biblical Authority In Christianity, the term biblical authority refers to two complementary ideas: the extent to which one can regard the commandments and doctrines within the Old and New Testament scriptures as authoritative over humans’ belief and conduct the extent to which Biblical propositions are accurate in matters of history and science The case for biblical authority stems from...

The Jefferson Bible

Jefferson Bible

The Jefferson Bible The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth, commonly referred to as the Jefferson Bible, is one of two religious works constructed by Thomas Jefferson. The first, The Philosophy of Jesus of Nazareth, was completed in 1804, but no copies exist today. The second, The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth,...

Emotions Faith Religion Spiritual Peace A Book

Luther Bible

Luther Bible The Luther Bible (Lutherbibel) is a German language Bible translation from Hebrew and ancient Greek by Martin Luther. The New Testament was first published in September 1522 and the complete Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments with Apocrypha, in 1534. Luther continued to make improvements to the text until 1545. It was the first full translation of the Bible...

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Supplementary Hypothesis

Supplementary Hypothesis In biblical studies, the supplementary hypothesis proposes that the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) was derived from a series of direct additions to an existing corpus of work. It serves as a revision to the earlier documentary hypothesis, which proposed that independent and complete narratives were later combined by redactors...

Jesus In the Talmud

Jesus In The Talmud

Jesus In The Talmud There are several passages in the Talmud which are believed by some scholars to be references to Jesus. The name used in the Talmud is “Yeshu”, the Aramaic vocalization (though not spelling) of the Hebrew name Yeshua. The identification of Yeshu as Jesus is problematic. For example, the Talmud...

Illustrative: A 12-volume set of Babylonian Talmud with commentaries, printed in Amsterdam by Immanuel Benveniste, 1644-47 (Kestenbaum & Company)

Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud The Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short), also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel), is a collection of Rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah. Naming this version of the Talmud after the Land of Israel...

Nature

Zeal

Zeal Zeal, being love in action, just on that account tends to remove as far as lies in its power all that is injurious or hostile to the object of its love; it has thus its antipathies as well as its attractions. Zeal, (From delos, a derivative of deo “to boil”, to “throb with...

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Zeal: The Fourth Lively Virtue

Zeal: The Fourth Lively Virtue Zeal reveals to us all the difference between a world grown merely secular and old, and the youthfulness of Christian love. When Dante and Virgil enter the fourth ring of the winding path up Purgatory Mountain, they meet a band of souls weeping and racing...

Happy children playing in water

Zeal Is The Virtue

Zeal Is The Virtue Zeal is the virtue that breeds the greatest amount of distrust. There are chiefly two reasons for this. One is historical, the other contemporary. We look with dark suspicion upon those Christians of yore whose zeal was unaccompanied by moderation, prudence, or even common sense. The...

Man Sculpture Art Wonder To Speak Characters

Wonder

Wonder (emotion) Wonder is an emotion comparable to surprise that people feel when perceiving something rare or unexpected (but not threatening). It has historically been seen as an important aspect of human nature, specifically being linked with curiosity and the drive behind intellectual exploration. Wonder is also often compared to the emotion of awe but...

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Vitality

Vitality Vitality is the capacity to live, grow, or develop. More simply it is the property of having life. The perception of vitality is regarded as a basic psychological drive and, in philosophy, a component to the will to live. As such, people seek to maximize their vitality or their experience of vitality—that which...