The Reconstruction Of Religious Thought In Islam The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy and published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, “Is Religion Possible”, was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards....
Islamic World Contributions To Medieval Europe This article covers Islamic World Contributions To Medieval Europe. During the high medieval period, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily, and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant. These included Latin translations of the Greek Classics and of Arabic texts...
Islamic Golden Age The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th to the 14th century. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration...
The Wisdom In Islam: In Muhammad’s Words “Wisdom in Islam” encompasses in its radiant words the true goals that all of us must strive for. Its bounty of mercy, forgiveness and guidance is stunning in its clarity. Imagine using this wonderful guidance on a regular basis? It is important to...
Knowledge And Wisdom: Islamic Viewpoint We begin our first lesson with Knowledge and Wisdom, which is the first and original pillar of human distinctions and specialties. In the very first revelation to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) we read, Read in the name of your Lord Who created. He created man...
The Quran And Wisdom This article covers the relationship between The Quran And Wisdom. Wisdom is “a higher dimension of consciousness”, which many people who have not attained faith have not experienced. With such consciousness, the individual’s mind is very clear. However, what provides this clearness is neither the brain’s...
What Is Wisdom (Hikmah)? Wisdom has been defined in various definitions and meanings. Some of them are as follows: Performing something in the ideal and optimum way. Science explaining the real nature of things. Divine mysteries and intentions inherent in things. Knowledge together with action. Beneficial knowledge and good deed....
Judeo-Islamic Philosophies (800–1400) This article covers Judeo-Islamic Philosophies and the influence of Jewish and Islamic philosophy on each other, focusing especially on the period from 800–1400 CE. Early philosophy A century after the Qur’an was revealed, numerous religious schisms arose in Islam. Skeptics sought to investigate the doctrines of the Qur’an, which...
Logic In Islamic Philosophy This article covers Logic In Islamic Philosophy. Early Islamic law placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a “novel approach to logic” (منطق manṭiq “speech, eloquence”) in Kalam (Islamic scholasticism) However, with the rise of the Mu’tazili philosophers, who highly valued Aristotle’s Organon, this approach was...
Islam And Modern Western Philosophies What Is The Islamic Viewpoint of The Modern Western Philosophies of History? I wonder whether it is a skepticism to see a political purpose behind some philosophies produced in the West during the last few centuries. Whether they might label me as unscientific or a...
Who Is Ibn Khaldun? Ibn Khaldun (أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406) was a leading Arab historiographer and historian. He is widely considered as a forerunner of the modern disciplines of historiography,...
Who Is Fakhr al-Din al-Razi? Fakhr al-Din al-Razi or Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī or Fakhruddin Razi (فخر الدين رازي) was an Iranian Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher He was born in 1149 in Rey (in modern-day Iran), and died in 1209 in Herat (in modern-day Afghanistan). He also wrote on medicine, physics,...
What Is Early Islamic Philosophy? Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE). The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age,...
Who Is Omar Khayyam? Omar Khayyam (عمر خیّام, 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian polymath, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet. He was born in Nishapur, in northeastern Iran, and spent most of his life near the court of the Karakhanid and Seljuq rulers in the period which witnessed the First Crusade....
Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi “Shahāb ad-Dīn” Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardī (شهابالدین سهروردی, also known as Sohrevardi) (1154-1191) was a Persian philosopher and founder of the Iranian school of Illuminationism, an important school in Islamic philosophy that drew upon Zoroastrian and Platonic ideas. The “light” in his “Philosophy of Illumination” is a divine and metaphysical...
Who Is Ibn Arabi? Ibn ʿArabi (26 July 1165 – 16 November 1240) was an Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, whose works have grown to be very influential beyond the Muslim world. Of the over 800 works which are attributed to him, 100 survive in the original manuscript....
Contemporary Islamic Philosophy The Contemporary Islamic philosophy revives some of the trends of medieval Islamic philosophy, notably the tension between Mutazilite and Asharite views of ethics in science and law, and the duty of Muslims and role of Islam in the sociology of knowledge and in forming ethical codes and...
Muslim Philosophy Muslim philosophy or Islamic philosophy is a development in philosophy that is characterised by coming from an Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally: “philosophy”), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally “speech”), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic theology. Philosophy...
Positivism And Rationalism This article covers Positivism and Rationalism. What should be Our Attitude against Positivism and Rationalism? How much Truth is in them? Much has been said on the issue of information sources. Some of the people who have commented on this issue have sometimes been restricted by their...
What Is Kalam? Ilm al-Kalam (عِلْم الكَلام, literally “science of discourse”), usually foreshortened to Kalam and sometimes called “Islamic scholastic theology”, is the study of Islamic doctrine (‘aqa’id). It was born out of the need to establish and defend the tenets of Islamic faith against doubters and detractors. A scholar of Kalam is referred to as...