Al-Furqān

The leaves from this Quran written in gold and contoured with brown ink have a horizontal format. This is admirably suited to classical Kufic calligraphy, which became common under the early Abbasid caliphs.

What Is Quran How Can It Be Defined?

What Is Quran How Can It Be Defined? This article covers the answer to the question: “What Is Quran How Can It Be Defined?” The Quran is an eternal translation of the great book of the universe and the everlasting translator of the various ‘languages’ in which Divine laws of...

Payrus of Irenaeus' Against Heresies, which describes early Gnostic beliefs about Jesus' death which influenced Islam.

Sources for The Quran

Sources For The Quran Scholars have been able to point out several pre-existing sources for the Quran. Some scholars have calculated that one third of the Quran has pre-Islamic Christian origins. The most famous pre-Islamic source for the Quran is the Bible, which predates the Quran by several centuries. Quran contains references to...

The Quran

The Qur’an

The Qur’an In accordance with humanity’s worth and value, and considering the human heart, spirit, mind, and physical being, the Qur’an descended from the Highest of the High. Containing the most perfect messages, it is a collection of Divine Laws. Followed today by more than one billion people, the Qur’an...

A 12th-century Quran manuscript at Reza Abbasi Museum.

Is The Holy Book Word Of God?

Is The Holy Book (The Quran) Word Of God? This article covers the answer to the question: “Is The Holy Book Word Of God?“ The Holy Book is completely different from all the other books in the world 1. When we study the Holy Book even superficially from the viewpoint...

A Quran Student

Islam’s The Holy Qur’an

Islam’s The Holy Qur’an This article covers the answer to the question: “What is Islam’s The Holy Qur’an?” If We had sent down this Qur’an on a mountain, surely you would have seen it humbled, rent asunder by fear of God. Such comparisons do We coin for people that perhaps...

The Quran, in traditional Arabic text.

Historical Reliability Of The Quran

What Is Historical Reliability Of The Quran? The historical reliability of the Quran concerns the question of the historicity of the described or claimed events in the Quran. Muslims have generally disapproved of the historical criticism of the Quran. In the Muslim world, scholarly criticism of the Quran can be considered apostasy and can be punished by...

Qur’an section from the early 9th century, in Kufic script, with an early form of vowelization using red dots only for endings and difficult words.

Surah

What Is Surah? A Surah (سورة‎ sūrah, سور suwar) is the term for a chapter of the Quran. There are 114 surahs in the Quran, 86 are classified as Makki, while 28 are Madini. each divided into verses (āyāt). The chapters or surahs are of unequal length; the shortest chapter (Al-Kawthar) has only...

These two lines of calligraphy in elegant muhaqqaq script are from chapter 40 (Sura al-Mu'min, The Believer) of the Qur'an. The fragment on which they are written was once part of a Qur'an manuscript that is probably the largest ever produced. Originally, each page included seven lines of script copied on one side only. A double-page would fit perfectly into the gigantic stone Qur'an stand made for the congregational mosque of Bibi Khanum in Samarqand and commissioned by a grandson of Timur (Tamerlane, d. 1405). Its calligrapher was likely the renowned 'Umar Aqta'. Historical sources tell us that 'Umar tried to impress Timur by writing a Qur’an so small that it could fit under a signet ring. When the sultan was unmoved, 'Umar wrote a Qur'an so large that it had to be brought to Timur on a cart.

Ayah

What Is Ayah? In the Islamic Quran, an Ayah (آية‎; آيات āyāt) is a “verse,” one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (surah) of the Quran and are marked by a number. The word means “evidence,” “sign” or “miracle,” and in Islam may refer to things other than...

Page from a Koran, Near East, Abbasid period, late ninth-early tenth century

I’jaz

What Is I’jaz? In Islam, I’jaz, or inimitability of the Qur’an is the doctrine which holds that the Qur’an has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can match. According to this doctrine, the Qur’an is a miracle and its inimitability is the proof granted to Muhammad in the...

Comparison of a 21st-century Quran (left) and the Birmingham Quran manuscript

Birmingham Quran Manuscript

Birmingham Quran Manuscript The Birmingham Quran manuscript is a parchment on which two leaves of an early Quranic manuscript are written. In 2015 the manuscript, which is held by the University of Birmingham, was radiocarbon dated to between 568 and 645 CE (in the Islamic calendar, between 56 BH and 25 AH). It is part...

Recto side of the Stanford '07 folio. The upper text covers Quran 2 (al-Baqarah).265-271.

Sanaa Manuscript

What Is Sanaa Manuscript? The Sanaa Manuscript or Sanaa palimpsest (also Ṣanʿā’ 1 or DAM 01-27.1) is one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts in existence. Part of a sizable cache of Quranic and non-Quranic fragments discovered in Yemen during a 1972 restoration of the Great Mosque of Sana’a, the manuscript was identified as a palimpsest Quran in 1981; as...

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Chronological Order Of The Quran

Chronological Order Of The Quran The Qur’an is not in chronological order but arranged roughly the longest surah (chapter) to the shortest. The following lists the chronological (or revelational) order of the Qur’an. Chronological Order Surah Name Number of Verses Location of Revelation Traditional Order 1 Al-Alaq 19 Mecca 96 2 Al-Qalam 52...

Tatar children learning Qur'an in Crimea.

Esoteric Interpretation Of The Quran

What Is Esoteric Interpretation Of The Quran? Esoteric interpretation of the Quran, taʾwīl (تأويل), is the allegorical interpretation of the Quran or the quest for its hidden, inner meanings. It was a synonym of conventional interpretation in its earliest use, but it came to mean a process of discerning its most...

Tafhim-ul-Quran

25. Surah Al Furqan

25. Surah Al Furqan (The Criterion) Name The Surah Al Furqan takes its name “Al-Furqan” from the first verse. Though it is symbolic like the names of many other Surahs, it has a close relation to its subject matter. Period of Revelation It appears from its style and subject matter...

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Comparisons Between Quran And Modern Civilization

Comparisons Between Quran And Modern Civilization This article covers three Comparisons Between Quran And Modern Civilization. A parable to understand the fundamental differences between the Quranic wisdom and human philosophy: Once, a religious and skillful, renowned ruler wanted to write the Quran as beautifully as required by the sacredness of...

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Quran’s Wisdom And Modern Scientific Thought

Quran’s Wisdom And Modern Scientific Thought If you want to compare the fruits of the Quran’s wisdom and modern scientific thought and philosophy, and their instructions and teaching and the degrees of knowledge they provide, then heed the following: With its penetrating explanations, the Quran of Miraculous Expression removes the...

Birmingham, The Quran manuscript

Is The Quran Word Of God?

Is The Quran Word Of God? This article covers the answer to the question: “Is the Quran Word Of God?” Let us begin by affirming that the Quran is unique among scriptures in two very important respects which even the Quran’s opponents are obliged to acknowledge. Firstly, we have the...

The Holy Qur’an

On The Holy Quran And Its Interpretation

On The Holy Quran And Its Interpretation This article is written as a forward on the book called “The Qur’an With Annotated Interpretation” by M. Fethullah Gulen. It covers The Holy Quran And Its Interpretation. The Qur’an is God’s miraculous, matchless message that has been sent to all humanity via...

The Holy Quran

Reiterations In The Quran

Reiterations In The Quran This article covers the Persuasive Responsive To Objections About Reiterations In the Quran. The Quran demonstrates itself also to be a book of supplications and invocations, and a call to eternal salvation and declaration of God’s Unity, all of which require reiterations. The Quran aims at the...

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Quran And Modern Science And Philosophy In Viewing Universe

Quran And Modern Science And Philosophy In Viewing Universe This article covers The Quran And Modern Science And Philosophy In Viewing Universe. Philosophy and sciences view existence as permanent and discuss the nature and qualities of creatures in detail. They do not mention their duties towards their Creator; if these...