Trials and Fierce Battles (Kitab Al-Fitan Wa Al-Malahim)
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Trials and Fierce Battles
Trials and Fierce Battles (Kitab Al-Fitan Wa Al-Malahim)
Sunan Abu Dawood Chapter No.37 name Trials And Fierce Battles (Kitab Al-Fitan Wa Al-Malahim) (فتنوں اور جنگوں کا بیان) written by Imam Abu Dawood. This chapter has 39 Hadith in total regarding the Trials And Fierce Battles (Kitab Al-Fitan Wa Al-Malahim). Sunan Abu Dawood book has total 52 chapters and 5274 hadiths in this collection.
Chapter 1579: Fitan and their predictions
Book 30, Number 4228:
Narrated Hudhaifah:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) stood among us (to give an address) and he left out nothing that would happen up to the last hour without telling it. Some remembered it and some forgot, and these Companions his have known it. When something of it which I have forgotten happens, I remember it, Just as a man remember’s another’s face when he is away and recognises him when he sees him.
Book 30, Number 4229:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas’ud:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: four (majestic) trials (fitnahs) will take place among this community, and in their end there will be destruction.
Book 30, Number 4230:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
When we were sitting with the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him), he talked about periods of trial (fitnahs), mentioning many of them.
When he mentioned the one when people should stay in their houses, some asked him: Apostle of Allah, what is the trial (fitnah) of staying at home?
He replied: It will be flight and plunder. Then will come a test which is pleasant. Its murkiness is due to the fact that it is produced by a man from the people of my house, who will assert that he belongs to me, whereas he does not, for my friends are only the God-fearing. Then the people will unite under a man who will be like a hip-bone on a rib. Then there will be the little black trial which will leave none of this community without giving him a slap, and when people say that it is finished, it will be extended. During it a man will be a believer in the morning and an infidel in the evening, so that the people will be in two camps: the camp of faith which will contain no hypocrisy, and the camp of hypocrisy which will contain no faith. When that happens, expect the Antichrist (Dajjal) that day or the next.
Book 30, Number 4231:
Narrated Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman:
I swear by Allah, I do not know whether my companions have forgotten or have pretended to forgot. I swear by Allah that the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) did not omit a leader of a wrong belief (fitnah)–up to the end of the world–whose followers reach the number of three hundred and upwards but he mentioned to us his name, his father’s name and the name of his tribe.
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal
Book 30, Number 4232:
Narrated Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman:
Subay’ ibn Khalid said: I came to Kufah at the time when Tustar was conquered. I took some mules from it. When I entered the mosque (of Kufah), I found there some people of moderate stature, and among them was a man whom you could recognize when you saw him that he was from the people of Hijaz.
I asked: Who is he? The people frowned at me and said: Do you not recognize him? This is Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, the companion of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him).
Then Hudhayfah said: People used to ask the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) about good, and I used to ask him about evil. Then the people stared hard at him.
He said: I know the reason why you dislike it. I then asked: Apostle of Allah, will there be evil as there was before, after this good which Allah has bestowed on us?
He replied: Yes. I asked: Wherein does the protection from it lie? He replied: In the sword. I asked: Apostle of Allah, what will then happen?
He replied: If Allah has on Earth a caliph who flays your back and takes your property, obey him, otherwise die holding onto the stump of a tree.
I asked: What will come next? He replied: Then the Antichrist (Dajjal) will come forth accompanied by a river and fire. He who falls into his fire will certainly receive his reward, and have his load taken off him, but he who falls into his river will have his load retained and his reward taken off him.
I then asked: What will come next? He said: The Last Hour will come.
Book 30, Number 4233:
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Khalid al-Yashkuri through a different chain of narrators. This version adds: I (hudhaifah) asked: Will any be spared after the use of sword? He replied: There will be a remanant with specks in its eye and an illusory truce. He then transmitted the rest of the tradition. Qatadah applied this to the apostacy during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr.
The word aqdha (sing. qadhan) means specks, hudnan means truce and dakhan means malice.
Good vs Evil
Book 30, Number 4234:
Narrated Hudhayfah:
The tradition mentioned above (No. 4232) has also been transmitted through a different chain of narrators by Nasr ibn Asim al-Laythi who said: We came to al-Yashkuri with a group of the people of Banu Layth.
He asked: Who are these people? We replied: Banu Layth. We have come to you to ask you about the tradition of Hudhayfah. He then mentioned the tradition and said: I asked: Apostle of Allah, will there be evil after this good?
He replied: There will be trial (fitnah) and evil. I asked: Apostle of Allah, will there be good after this evil? He replied: Learn the Book of Allah, Hudhayfah, and adhere to its contents. He said it three times.
I asked: Apostle of Allah, will there be good after this evil? He replied: An illusory truce and a community with specks in its eye. I asked: Apostle of Allah, what do you mean by an illusory community?
He replied: The hearts of the people will not return to their former condition. I asked: Apostle of Allah, will there be evil after this good? He replied: There will be wrong belief which will blind and deafen men to the truth in which there will be summoners at the gates of Hell. If you, Hudhayfah, die adhering to a stump, it will be better for you than following any of them.
Book 30, Number 4235:
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Hudhaifah through a different chain of narrators from the Prophet (peace be upon him). This Version says: He said: If you do not find a caliph in those days, then flee away until you die, even if you die holding on (to a stump of a tree). I asked: What will come next? He replied: If a man want’s the mare to bring forth a foal, it will not deliver till the Last Hour comes.
Book 30, Number 4236:
Narrated ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Amr:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: If a man takes an oath of allegiance to a leader, and puts his hand on his hand and does it with sincerity of his heart, he should obey him as much as possible. If another man cmes and contests him, then behead the other one. The narrator ‘Abd al-Rahman said: I asked: Have you heard this from the Apostle of Allah? He said: My ears heard it and my heart retained it. I said: Your cousin Mu’awiyah orders us that we should do this and do that. He replied: Obey him in acts of obedience to Allah, and disobey him in acts of disobedience to Allah.
Book 30, Number 4237:
Narrated Abu Hurairah:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Woe to the Arabs because of the evil which has drawn near! He will escape who will restrain his hand.
Abu Dawud said: Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The Muslims will soon be besieged up to Medina, so that their most distant frontier outpost will be Salah.
Book 30, Number 4238:
Al-Zuhri said: Salah is near Khaibar.
Book 30, Number 4239:
Narrated Thawban:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Allah, the Exalted, folded for me the earth, or he said (the narrator is doubtful): My Lord folded for me the earth, so much so that I saw its easts and wests (i.e. the extremeties). The Kingdom of my community will reach as far as the earth was folded for me. The two treasures, the red and the white, were bestowed on me. I prayed to my Lord that He may not destroy my community by a prevailing famine, and not give their control to an enemy who annihiliates them en masse except from among themselves. My Lord said to me: Muhammad, if I make a decision, it is not withdrawn; and I shall not destroy them by a prevailing famine, and I shall not give their control to an enemy, except from among themselves, who exterminates them en masse, even if they are stormed from all sides of the earth; only a section of them will destroy another section, and a section will captivate another section. I am afraid about my community of those leaders who will lead astray. When the sword is used among my people, it will not be withdrawn from them till the Day of Resurrection, and the Last Hour will not come before the tribes of my people attach themselves to the polytheists and tribes of my people worship idols. There will be among my people thirty great liars each of them assertinf that he is (Allah’s) prophet, whereas I am the Seal of the Prophets after whom (me) there will be no prophet; and a section of my people will continue to hold to the truth – (according to Ibn ‘Isa’s version: (will continue to dominate) – the agreed version goes: “and will not be injured by those who oppose them, till Allah’s command comes.”
Book 30, Number 4240:
Narrated Abu Malik al-Ash’ari:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Allah has protected you from three things: that your Prophet should not invoke a curse on you and should all perish, that those who follow what is false should not prevail over those who follow the truth, and that you should not all agree in an error.
Book 30, Number 4241:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas’ud:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The mill of Islam will go round till the year thirty-five, or thirty-six, or thirty-seven; then if they perish, they will have followed the path of those who perished before them, but if their religion is maintained, it will be maintained for seventy years. I asked: Does it mean seventy years which remain or seventy years which are gone by? He replied: It means (seventy years) that are gone by.
Abu Dawud said: Those who recorded Khirash, the name of a narrator, are wrong. (The correct name is Hirash).
Book 30, Number 4242:
Narrated Abu Hurairah:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The time will become short, knowledge will be deceased, civil strife (fitan) will appear, niggardliness will be cast into the people’s hearts, and harj will be prevalent. He was asked: Apostle of Allah! What is it? He replied: Slaughter, slaughter.
Chapter 1580: Prohibition of running to commotion (fitnah)
Book 30, Number 4243:
Narrated Abu Bakrah:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: There will be a period of commotion in which the one who lies down will be better than the one who sits, and the one who sits is better than the one who stands, and the one who stands is better than the one who walks, and the one who walks is better than the one who runs (to it).
He asked: What do you command me to do, Apostle of Allah? He replied: He who has camels should remain with his camels, he who has sheep should remain with his sheep, and he who has land should remain with his land.
He asked: If anyone has more of these, (what should he do)?
He replied: He should take his sword, strike its edge on a stone, and then escape if he can.
Book 30, Number 4244:
Narrated Sa’d ibn Abu Waqqas:
I asked: Apostle of Allah! tell me if someone enters my house and extends his hands to kill me (what should I do?) The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) replied: Be like the two sons of Adam. The narrator Yazid (ibn Khalid) then recited the verse: “If thou dost stretch they hand against me to slay me.”
Book 30, Number 4245:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas’ud ; Khuraym ibn Fatik:
The tradition mentioned above (No. 4243) has also been transmitted by Ibn Mas’ud through a different chain of narrators.
Ibn Mas’ud said: I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) say: He then mentioned a portion of the tradition narrated by Abu Bakrah (No. 4243).
This version adds: He (the Prophet) said: All their slain will go to Hell. I (Wabisah) asked: When will this happen Ibn Mas’ud?
He replied: This is the period of turmoil (harj) when a man will not be safe from his associates.
I asked: What do you command me (to do) if I happen to live during that period? He replied: You should restrain your tongue and hand and stay at home.
When Uthman was slain, I recollected this tradition. I then rode (on a camel) and came to Damascus. There I met Khuraym ibn Fatik and mentioned this tradition to him. He swore by Allah, there was no god but He, he had heard it from the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him), as Ibn Mas’ud transmitted it to me (Wabisah).
Book 30, Number 4246:
Narrated Abu Musa al-Ash’ari:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Before the Last Hour there will be commotions like pieces of a dark night in which a man will be a believer in the morning and an infidel in the evening, or a believer in the evening and infidel in the morning. He who sits during them will be better than he who gets up and he who walks during them is better than he who runs. So break your bows, cut your bowstrings and strike your swords on stones. If people then come in to one of you, let him be like the better of Adam’s two sons.
Book 30, Number 4247:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
Abdur Rahman ibn Samurah said: I was holding the hand of Ibn Umar on one of the ways of Medina. He suddenly came to a hanging head. He said: Unhappy is the one who killed him. When he proceeded, he said: I do not consider him but unfortunate. I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) say: If anyone goes to a man of my community in order to kill him, he should say in this way, the one who kills will go to Hell and the one who is killed will go to Paradise.
Abu Dawud said: Al-Thawri has transmitted it from ‘Awn from ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Sumair or Sumairah; and Laith b. Abi Sulaim transmitted from ‘Awn from ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Sumairah.
Abu Dawud said: Al-Hasan b. ‘Ali said to me: Abu al-Walid transmitted this tradition to us from Abu ‘Awanah, and said: It (the name Ibn Samurah) is in my notebook Ibn Sabrah. The people also transmitted it as Samurah and Sumuirah. These are wordings of Abu al-Walid.
Book 30, Number 4248:
Narrated Abu Dharr:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said to me: O Abu Dharr. I replied: At thy service and at thy pleasure, Apostle of Allah. He then mentioned the tradition in which he said: What will you do when there the death of the people (in Medina) and a house will reach the value of a slave (that is, a grave will be sold for a slave).
I replied: Allah and His Apostle know best. Or he said: What Allah and His Apostle choose for me.
He said: You must show endurance. Or he said; you may endure. He then said to me: What will you do, AbuDharr, when you see the Ahjar az-Zayt covered with blood?
I replied: What Allah and His Apostle choose for me.
He said: You must go to those who are like-minded.
I asked: Should I not take my sword and put it on my shoulder? He replied: you would then associate yourself with the people. I then asked: What do you order me to do? You must stay at home. I asked: (What should I do) if people enter my house and find me?
He replied: If you are afraid the gleam of the sword may dazzle you, put the end of your garment over your face in order that (the one who kills you) may bear the punishment of your sins and his.
Abu Dawud said: No one mentioned al-Mush’ath in the chain of this tradition except Hammad b. Zaid.
Book 30, Number 4249:
Narrated Abu Musa al-Ash’ari:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Before you there will be commotions like pieces of a dark night in which a man will be a believer in the morning and an infidel in the evening. He who sits during them will be better than he who gets up, and he who gets up during them is better than he who walks, and he who walks during them is better than he who runs. They (the people) said: What do you order us to do? He replied: Keep to your houses.
Book 30, Number 4250:
Narrated Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad:
I swear by Allah, I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) say: The happy man is he who avoids dissensions: happy is the man who avoids dissensions; happy is the man who avoids dissensions: but how fine is the man who is afflicted and shows endurance.
Chapter 1581: Restraining the tongue during the period of commotion
Book 30, Number 4251:
Narrated Abu Hurairah:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: There will be civil strife (fitnah) which will render people deaf, dumb and blind regarding what is right. Those who contemplate it will be drawn by it, and giving rein to the tongue during it will be like smiting with the sword.
Book 30, Number 4252:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-‘As:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: There will be civil strife which wipe out the Arabs, and their slain will go to Hell. During it the tongue will be more severe than blows of the sword.
Abu Dawud said: Al-Thawri transmitted it from Laith, from Tawus on the authority of al-A’jam.
Book 30, Number 4253:
‘Abd Allah b. ‘Abd al-Quddus mentioned in his version: Ziyad, one who has white ears.
Chapter 1582: Concession for living in the desert during the period of commotion and trial
Book 30, Number 4254:
Narrated Abu Sa’id al-Khudri:
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: A Muslim’s best property will soon be sheep which he takes to the top of mountains and the places where the rain falls, fleeing with his religion from civil strife (fitnah).
Chapter 1583: Prohibition of fighting during the period of commotion
Book 30, Number 4255:
Narrated Ahnaf b. Qais:
I came out with the intention of (participating in) fighting. Abu Bakrah met me and said: Go back, for I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) say: When two muslims face each other with their swords, the killer and the slain will go to Hell. He asked: Apostle of Allah, this is the killer (so naturally he should go to the Hell), but what is the matter with the slain? He replied: He intended to kill his companion.
Book 30, Number 4256:
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted briefly by al-Hasan through a different chain of narrators to the same effect.
Chapter 1584: Gravity of the sin of killing a believer
Book 30, Number 4257:
Narrated Abu al-Darda’ and Ubadah ibn as-Samit:
Khalid ibn Dihqan said: When we were engaged in the battle of Constantinople at Dhuluqiyyah, a man of the people of Palestine, who was one of their nobility and elite and whose rank was known to them, came forward. He was called Hani ibn Kulthum ibn Sharik al-Kinani. He greeted Abdullah ibn Zakariyya who knew his rank.
Khalid said to us: Abdullah ibn Abu Zakariyya told us: I heard Umm ad-Darda’ say: I heard Abu al-Darda’ say: I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) say: It is hoped that Allah may forgive every sin, except in the case of one who dies a polytheist, or one who purposely kills a believer.
Hani ibn Kulthum ar-Rabi’ then said: I heard Mahmud ibn ar-Rabi’ transmitting a tradition from Ubadah ibn as-Samit who transmitted from the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) who said: If a man kills a believer unjustly, Allah will not accept any action or duty of his, obligatory or supererogatory.
Khalid then said to us: Ibn Abu Zakariyya transmitted a tradition to us from Umm ad-Darda’ on the authority of Abu al-Darda’ from the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) who said: A believer will continue to go on quickly and well so long as he does not shed unlawful blood; when he sheds unlawful blood, he becomes slow and heavy-footed.
A similar tradition has been transmitted by Hani ibn Kulthum from Mahmud ibn ar-Rabi’ on the authority of Ubadah ibn as-Samit from the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him).
Book 30, Number 4258:
Narrated Khalid b. Dihqan:
I asked Yahya b. Yahya al-Ghassani about the word i’tabata bi qatalihi spoken by him (as mentioned in the previous tradition). He said: It means those people who fight during the period of commotion (fitnah), and one of them kills (the other people) presuming that he is on the right, so he does not beg the pardon of Allah for that (sin).
Abu Dawud said: And he said: The word fa’tabata means “he shed blood profusely.”
Book 30, Number 4259:
Narrated Zayd ibn Thabit:
The verse “If a man kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell to abide therein for ever” was revealed six months after the verse “And those who invoke not with Allah any other god, nor slay such life as Allah has made sacred, except for just cause in Surat al-Furqan.
Book 30, Number 4260:
Narrated Sa’id b. Jubair:
I asked Ibn ‘Abbas (about the verse relating to intentional homicide in Surat al-Nisa’). He said: When the verse “Those who invoke not with Allah any other god, nor slay such life as Allah has made sacred, except for just cause (Qur’an xxv. 68)” was revealed, the polytheists of Mecca said: We have killed the soul prohibited by Allah, invoked another god along with Allah for worship, and commited shameful deed. So Allah revealed the verse “unless he repents, beleives and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good. (Qur’an xxv. 70)” This is meant for them. As regards the verse “If a man kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell (Quran iv. 93)” he said: If a man knows the command of Islam and intentionally kills a believer, his repentance will not be accepted. I then mentioned it to Mujahid. He said: Except the one who was ashamed (of his sin).
Book 30, Number 4261:
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Sa’d b. Jubair from Ibn Abbas through a different chain of narrators. Ibn ‘Abbas said: The verse “Those who invoke not with Allah (Qur’an xxv. 68)” applies to polytheists. He said: About them another verse, “Say: O my servants who have transgressed against their souls (Qur’an xxxiv. 53)” was also revealed.
Book 30, Number 4262:
Narrated Ibn Abbas:
No other verse has repealed the verse “If a man kills a believer intentionally (Qur’an iv. 93).”
Book 30, Number 4263:
About this verse “If a man kills a believer intentionally (Qur’an iv. 93)” Abu Mijlaz said: This is his recompense. If Allah wishes to disregard him, He may do so.
Chapter 1585: There is an expectation of forgiveness after being killed during the period of commotion (fitnah)
Book 30, Number 4264:
Narrated Sa’id ibn Zayd:
We were with the Prophet (peace be upon him). He mentioned civil strife (fitnah) and expressed its gravity. We or the people said: Apostle of Allah, if this happens to us it will destroy us. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said; No. It is enough for you that you would be killed. Sa’id said: I saw that my brethren were killed.
Book 30, Number 4265:
Narrated Abu Musa:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: This people of mine is one to which mercy is shown. It will have no punishment in the next world, but its punishment in this world will be trials, earthquakes and being killed.